The Effect of Guided Inquiry–Based Student Worksheets (LKPD) on Students' Science Process Skills and Cognitive Learning Outcomes
Authors
Salma Apipah , Ismail EfendiPublished:
2026-01-31Issue:
Vol. 1 No. 2 (2026): JanuaryKeywords:
LKPD , Guided Inquiry, Science Process Skills, Cognitive Learning OutcomesArticles
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Abstract
This study was motivated by students' low science process skills and cognitive learning outcomes, attributed to limited laboratory facilities and to instructional methods that did not actively engage learners. The study aimed to examine the effect of guided inquiry-based Student Worksheets (LKPD) on students' science process skills and cognitive learning outcomes. A quantitative quasi-experimental design was employed, involving two Grade X classes (experimental and control) at SMA Negeri 10 Mataram. Data were collected using an observation-sheet questionnaire to assess science process skills and a cognitive achievement test administered as a pretest and posttest. Hypothesis testing was conducted using ANOVA with the aid of SPSS. The results indicated improvement in science process skills in the experimental class, with the mean posttest score reaching 79 (compared with 77 in the control class). Cognitive learning outcomes also increased significantly, with a mean posttest score of 82 in the experimental class compared with 77 in the control class. The ANOVA results yielded a significance value of 0.00 (< 0.05), indicating that H₀ was rejected and Hₐ was accepted. Therefore, guided inquiry-based LKPD had a significant effect on students' science process skills and cognitive learning outcomes, and may serve as an alternative instructional medium to enhance the quality of biology learning in schools.
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