A Plant Physiology Practicum Guide Using Pineapple Peel Liquid Organic Fertilizer: Content Validity Analysis with Aiken’s V

Abstract

A valid practicum guide is essential for supporting systematic, contextual, and scientifically oriented plant physiology learning. This study aimed to develop a plant physiology practicum guide using pineapple peel liquid organic fertilizer and to analyze its content validity using Aiken’s V. The study employed a research and development method based on the 4D model, comprising the Define, Design, Develop, and Disseminate stages, but implementation was limited to the Develop stage, specifically expert validation and product revision. The guide incorporates concepts of mineral nutrition and vegetative growth, procedures for producing pineapple peel liquid organic fertilizer, treatments at different concentrations, measurement of growth parameters, data recording, and analytical questions. Validation was conducted by three experts using a four-point instrument covering content, language, and presentation. Data were analyzed using Aiken’s V coefficients and 95% confidence intervals at the item level. The results showed Aiken’s V values of 0.794 for content, 0.952 for language, and 0.746 for presentation, with an overall coefficient of 0.831. The language aspect showed the strongest expert agreement descriptively, whereas presentation was identified as the main priority for improvement, particularly in color harmony, layout consistency, numbering, and organization. Thus, the guide demonstrated evidence of content validity based on expert judgment and, after revision, is suitable for further practicality and effectiveness testing; this study did not evaluate its practicality or effectiveness.